Evaluation of characteristics of periodontal probes

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the millimeter distances and active tip diameters of different periodontal probes. Methods: Two types of periodontal probes were analyzed (North Carolina (15-UNC) and PCP-12). Two manufacturers were selected for each probe type. Digital images of the probes were obtained and the distances were measured using a software program. The diameter of the active tip was measured using a digital caliper. Both variables were measured by two trained and calibrated examiners. The data were analyzed using the Bland-Altman method and two-way ANOVA with Tukey's post-hoc test. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results: A comparison of measurements between the 15UNC and PCP-12 probes showed a significant difference in all millimeter markings. The 15-UNC probe showed differences between the 3 and 12 mm markings. The PCP-12 probe only showed differences between the marks at the 12 mm mark. The 15-UNC probe had a similar active tip diameter between the two manufacturers. The PCP-12 probe showed a significant difference between the two manufacturers. Both types of probes had similar active tip diameters when compared by the two manufacturers. Conclusion: There was no standardization in relation to millimeter marks and tip diameters of the two types of periodontal probes produced by the two different manufacturers. The probe types exhibited little variability

Clinical determination of anatomical diameter in different dental groups correlating them with gender, age, tooth/canal and pulpoperiradicular diagnosis: an observational clinical study.

The aim of this observational clinical study (OCS) was to determine the clinical anatomical diameter (CAD) in several dental groups, thus correlating them with gender, age, tooth/canal and pulpoperiradicular diagnosis. Three-hundred fifty-nine teeth/584 vital or necrotic root canals from patients of both genders and different ages composed the sample. After performing the necessary previous procedures, K-Flexofiles were used to determine the CAD. Then, the gender and age of the patients, as well as the pulpoperiradicular diagnosis of the teeth were tabulated to conduct the statistical analysis (p < 0.05). Of the 359 teeth/584 root canals evaluated, 208/342 were from women (mean age 38.85 ± 13.42 years) and 151/242 were from men (mean age 45.41 ± 14.90 years). Statistically significant differences between the CAD means of root canals from women and men were not identified (p = 0.411). The analysis of the correlation between the CAD and age also showed a total independence (p = 0.271). Teeth with pulp necrosis and asymptomatic apical periodontitis diagnosed radiographically (TPNAAPDR) had a significantly larger CAD mean than teeth with pulp necrosis and no asymptomatic apical periodontitis diagnosed radiographically (TPNNAAPDR) and teeth with vital pulp and normal apical tissues (TVPNAT) (p = 0.0297); and the last two did not differ statistically (p > 0.05). The largest CAD mean was observed in single canals of maxillary central incisors. The lowest values of this variable were identified in the mesiobuccal and mesial canals of maxillary and mandibular first molars, respectively. The CAD of the root canals was influenced only by the root canal/tooth and pulpoperiradicular diagnosis.

Incidence of fracture of ProDesign Logic system instruments: A cross-sectional retrospective study.

The aim of the present study was to analyze the incidence of fracture of ProDesign Logic system instruments in endodontic treatments performed by a specialist, in addition to identifying the dental group, arch, and the root canal thirds in which the fractures occurred more frequently. Digital radiographs and medical records were initially analyzed and resulted in the selection of 561 teeth (1302 canals) treated between 2018 and 2020, using the ProDesign Logic system instruments. These data were reassessed to determine the occurrence of fractures and identify the dental group and root canal thirds in which they occurred. Then, the data were statistically analyzed using the Fisher's Exact Test (p < 0.05). The general fracture rates were 8.5 and 3.69%, considering the number of teeth and canals treated, respectively. Mandibular first molars were the teeth most associated with the occurrence of fractures (19.1%). When the arches were compared, there was no statistical difference regarding the number of fractures in the different root canal thirds (p = 0.307). However, they were more frequent in the apical third in both arches (p = 0.000). The incidence of fracture of ProDesign Logic system instruments was relatively high and occurred more frequently in the apical third of molars.

Effect on vascular permeability of a self-etching adhesive system containing an antimicrobial quaternary ammonium polymer QAMP into subcutaneous tissue of rats.

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the effect of a self-etching adhesive system containing an antimicrobial quaternary ammonium methacrylate polymer (QAMP) on the vascular permeability using Evans blue and laser-Doppler flowmetric methods. DESIGN: Forty rats were anesthetized and divided into groups: saline solution; Clearfil™ Protect Bond; Clearfil™ SE Bond; Clearfil™ SE Bond containing QAMP. Injections of Evans blue were administrated intravenously and the substances were injected intradermally. Immediately before injection and after 3 and 6h, was evaluated the blood flow. The animals were killed 3 and 6h after injection. The dorsal skin was dissected and experimental sites were obtained. The vascular permeability was evaluated by dye extravasation area, the dye was extracted and absorbance measured. RESULTS: Concerning the Evans blue method, Clearfil™ SE Bond containing QAMP showed an extravasation area statistically similar to Clearfil™ SE Bond and lower than Clearfil™ Protect Bond. No statistical difference was verified among experimental groups for the amount of dye extracted. Clearfil™ SE Bond containing QAMP provided better laser-Doppler flowmetric parameters than Clearfil™ Protect Bond immediately and 3h after injection. CONCLUSION: The QAMP had lower effect on the exudative phase of the inflammatory process.

Effects of an orabase formulation with ethanolic extract of Malva sylvestris L. in oral wound healing in rats.

Malva sylvestris L. is widely used in medicine for treatment of inflammatory processes. The plant has anti-inflammatory properties due to substances such as mucilage, flavonoids, and tannins. A mouthwash with leaves from the plant can be used for the treatment of wounds in the oral mucosa. The aim of this study was to assess the wound healing effect of Malva sylvestris L. on a palate mucosa wound in rats. After intraperitoneal anesthesia, a 4-mm-diameter excisional wound was made in the center of the palatal mucosa of 136 rats, using a punch-out biopsy tool. Eight animals were used as baseline wound. The remaining rats were divided into four groups: CO, control; OB, orabase vehicle; CX, 2% chlorhexidine; and MA, 20% Malva in orabase. At 24 h postoperatively, the animals were immobilized without anesthetic to apply 25 mg of each substance twice a day, totaling 50 mg daily. The wound areas were measured photographically and the reepithelialization rates were determined histologically (%) after 0, 3, 7, 15, and 21 days. The data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test. Similar healing pattern was observed among the groups (P>.05; ANOVA). According to the methodology, Malva sylvestris L. extract had no effect on wound healing in the palatal mucosa of rats.

Papila interdental: previsibilidade das técnicas reconstrutivas / Interdental papilla: predictability of reconstructive techniques

A perda da papila interdental pode causar alterações fonéticas, impactação alimentar e desconforto estético. A etiologia é multifatorial, podendo ou não estar associada às doenças periodontais. Quando a causa não é proveniente de doenças periodontais, a regeneração tem maiores chances de sucesso, mas para solucionar casos em que ocorre a perda de inserção, muitas técnicas cirúrgicas foram propostas para induzir a regeneração da papila interdental, porém, com resultados limitados. O objetivo deste estudo foi revisar as possíveis causas da perda de papila interdental e analisar as diferentes técnicas propostas atualmente para a sua reconstrução. Considerando que a maioria dos estudos encontrados é sobre relatos de casos, conclui-se que são necessários estudos clínicos controlados para determinar a eficácia das técnicas cirúrgicas propostas

The loss of interdental papilla may cause phonetic changes, food impaction and a esthetic discomfort. The etiology is multifactorial, and may or may not be associated with periodontal diseases. When the cause is other than bone loss, regeneration has greater chances of success. Many surgical techniques have been proposed to induce the regeneration of the interdental papilla with limited success. The aim of this study was to review and analyze the possible causes of interdental papilla loss and the different techniques currently proposed for its reconstruction. Since most of the studies are case reports, it can be concluded that controlled clinical trials are needed to determine the efficacy of the surgical techniques used for this purpose

A ética em pesquisa com seres humanos pelas lentes do cinema / Ethics in clinical research through movies

O avanço científico que vem ocorrendo no Brasil elevou a necessitada de discussão sobre ética em pesquisa envolvendo seres humanos dentro das instituições de ensino superior. Para isso, a associação entre a arte persuasiva do cinema e a ética em pesquisa tem sido uma metodologia eficaz no que diz respeito ao processo de ensino-aprendizagem de alunos de graduação e pós-graduação. Assim, o objetivo deste projeto de extensão foi promover a discussão e o conhecimento sobre a ética em pesquisa envolvendo seres humanos com graduandos, pós-graduandos, professores e servidores públicos da Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa. Os resultados mostraram a efetividade do método, concluindo que os filmes contribuíram satisfatoriamente para o aprendizado e posicionamento ético de todos os participantes (AU).

The scientific advance that has occurred in Brazil increases the need to discuss ethics in human research within universities and research institutes. With this in mind, the association between the persuasive art of cinema and ethics research has been an effective methodology regarding the teaching and learning of undergraduate and graduate students. The aim of this extramural education project was to promote the discussion and understanding of ethics in human clinical research among undergraduate and graduate students, professors and public servants at Ponta Grossa State University. The results showed the effectiveness of this method. In conclusion, movies can contribute satisfactorily to the ethical learning and positioning of all participants (AU).